Everything about The Accessory Transit Company totally explained
The
Accessory Transit Company was a company set up by
Cornelius Vanderbilt and others during the
California Gold Rush in the 1850s, to transport would-be
prospectors from the east coast of the
United States to the west coast.
At the time, an overland journey across the US was an arduous undertaking and could last many weeks. The Accessory Transit Company instead took passengers by
steamer from
New York to
San Juan del Norte on the
Caribbean or
Mosquito Coast of
Nicaragua. From there, they travelled up the
Rio San Juan to
Lake Nicaragua, crossing the lake to the town of
Rivas. A
stagecoach then crossed the narrow
isthmus to
San Juan del Sur, where another steamer travelled to
San Francisco.
The ATC provided the cheapest route to California from the east coast, and was soon carrying 2,000 passengers a month at a fare of
$300 each, later reduced to $150. The wealth generated by the route attracted efforts to take it over, and in 1854 the
US Navy bombarded San Juan del Norte in response to demands from the town authorities that the company vacate their premises immediately.
In 1855, the
filibuster William Walker installed himself as
President of Nicaragua, taking over the ATC's assets in the country in the process; he was ousted in 1857 by forces backed by Vanderbilt. Having regained control of the ATC, Vanderbilt approached the
Pacific Mail Steamship Company and the
United States Mail Steamship Company (External Link
), which operated routes across
Panama, and offered to stop running the Nicaragua route in return for a $40,000 monthly stipend. The companies accepted this offer, and a year later increased the stipend to $56,000 when Vanderbilt threatened to reopen the Transit line, but the ATC didn't run again.
Vanderbilt's original contract with the Nicaraguan government allowing him to operate the ATC also gave him exclusive rights to construct a
Nicaragua Canal until 1861. In the event, political instabilities in Nicaragua as well as its frequent
volcanic eruptions conspired to make Panama a more attractive location for a trans-
Central American canal.
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